Coffee beans were first turned into a drink in 15th-century Ethiopia, before spreading to the Arabian Peninsula, and eventually Europe, where in the 17th century coffee houses sprung up across the Continent’s cities. The standard method of brewing back then was simply boiling in a large pot – a world away from the modern espresso machine.
Depending on how you’re drinking your coffee now, you are part of a wave, or movement, in coffee history. If you’re having a cup of Nescafé instant, you’re a hangover from the first wave of coffee drinking, characterised by the widespread availability of mass-produced, preground coffee, which took hold in the early-20th century. The second wave, which really got going in the 1990s, is all about differentiation, picking out beans from different countries, leading…