Indholdsfortegnelse for October 2021 i Faces People, Places, and World Culture for Kids and Children

1 Salmon travel thousands of miles over their three to eight-year lifespans. When it is time to spawn (release eggs), salmon travel incredible distances back to the places they hatched. The longest known trip upstream was taken by a Chinook salmon that traveled 2,389 miles. 2 Seahorses have a specialized organ called a swim bladder that helps them move. By inflating and deflating the bladd , a seahorse can glide up and down to regulate its depth in water. 3 How much would you pay for a tuna sandwich? Five dollars? Ten dollars? How about $1.76 million? In 2013, a 489-pound bluefin una sold for that much at a Tokyo market. 4 Silly human, fish can’t live in the dese t. Or can they? Yes, they can. Not surprisingly, Devils…

Desert living is challenging for any creature, but what if your home was just one small pool of water? That’s the predicament of a fish—yes, a fish—that lives in the Mojave Desert. HOME, SWEET HOME One of America’s four major deserts, the Mojave is located in the southern parts of Nevada and California. It is home to the famous Death Valley. (Perhaps you’ve heard of it—dry, with wickedly hot summers. Not a great place for a backyard barbecue.) Just to the east of Death Valley is the Mojave Desert’s largest oasis, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. Keep heading east, and at the edge of the oasis you’ll come across an ordinary-looking rock formation surrounded by a fence. You can go through the fence onto a platform. Now look down. Below…

Sea Terrors … Pick up any medieval or early modern map, and you will find seas brimming with depictions of fearsome beasts. Mapmakers of those times thought these creatures lurked beneath the water’s surface. Among such a diversity of terrifying creatures, there is one beast you’re certain to see—the sea serpent. Many American and European sailors encountered such creatures in the North Atlantic Ocean. According to their accounts, these monsters dragged down ships and gobbled up the unfortunate crew and passengers. An 18th-century Danish missionary saw a sea serpent that lifted its head “as high as the mast-head.” In 1860, magazines even published drawings of one such beast stranded on Bermuda’s Hungary Beach. But the maps contained pictures of other monsters, like 12-foot-tall lobsters. No shells or bones that may…

Pufferfis The pufferfish is th second most poisonous fish in the world When it feels threatened, it quickly inflates by filli its elastic stomachs with water. This puffs them up into a spiky ball shape, making it look bigger to potential predators. Jawfis The male jawfish ha a very special job to do. After the female lays her eggs, the male fertilizes them and then puts them into his mouth to incubate. They stay there for one to two weeks until they hatch. Let’s hope he doesn’t get hungry. Box Fish This little yellow fis with black spots looks like it accidentally swallowed a box. It actually has a bony skeleton called a carapace. While box fish are very peacefu , when they are afraid, they secrete a slimy mucus…

“Giving you a ride is the leashed I could do.“ —Dora Y. “This hat is paw-some!” —Owen and Liam “Why didn’t you just take a taxi?” —Noah Z. Answer Page ANSWER TO MYSTERY PHOTO ON INSIDE FRONT COVER: Some species of anemone fish can lay thousands of eggs. ANSWER TO WHERE IN THE WORLD ON PAGE 27: The fifth largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Malawi (also known as Lake Nyasa or Lago Niassa) is more than 2,300 feet deep at its deepest point. ANSWERS TO GO FISH CROSSWORD ON PAGE 40: ACROSS: 1. five; 3 swim bladder; 4. Mojave; 5. oarfish; 8 anglerfish; 9 Chinook. DOWN: 1. fries; 2. bluefin tuna; 6 Basque; 7. goldfish PICTURE CREDITS: Ethan Daniels/Shutterstock.com: inside front cover; Bill45/Shutterstock.com: 2-3; lexlinx/Shutterstock.com: 4-5; Tony…

Rainbow Trout FISH HAVE EYES ON BOTH SIDES OF THEIR HEADS. Most fish don’t have eyelids. GILLS help fish get oxygen from the water. They’re protected by a hard gill cover. WHAT MAKES A FISH A FISH? To be a fish, an animal must • live in water, • have a backbone, • breathe underwater using gills, not lungs. WHALES, DOLPHINS, SEALS, AND SEA TURTLES have backbones but no gills. They must come to the water’s surface to breathe. They are not fish. DORSAL, OR BACK, FINS can be spiny, soft, or both. They keep fish from turning over. SCALES protect fish from injury and disease. They cover a fish’s skin like a suit of armor. POWERFUL NOSTRILS CAN SMELL ENEMIES FROM FAR AWAY. They also help some fish find…

Let’s begin with a pop quiz. Don’t worry. . . it’s not too strenuous. There’s only one question, and it’s multiple choice. What kind of creature is a seahorse? A. A pony, as suggested by the shape of its head and neck B. A kangaroo, since it houses its young in a cozy pouch C. A monkey, with a grasping tail that hangs onto nearby objects D. An armadillo, protected by an outer suit of armor E. None of the above The quiz is easy, right? A seahorse does have a head, pouch, tail, and tough covering that resemble attributes of other animals. But there the similarity ends. A seahorse is obviously very different from a pony, a kangaroo, a monkey, or an armadillo. So without question the correct answer…

Goldfish were not always small, colorful pets—their ancestors were gray or green foot-long carp that fishermen caught in China’s Yangtze River and served up for dinner. Spontaneous genetic mutations caused the expression of red and gold colors in the wild carp, and Chinese nobility collected these colorful fish in ponds during the Tang dynasty (618–907 C.E.). Over the next 10 centuries, Chinese culture transformed mutant carp into a common global household pet and a ubiquitous symbol of abundance and prosperity for more than one billion Chinese-speakers. Chinese culture extends into the past for several thousand years, and goldfish have been documented within it for nearly two millennia. A book from the Warring States Period (475–221 B.C.E.) referenced “patterned fish,” which are believed to be the goldfish’s carp ancestors. A report…

Salmon hold a significant place in many Native American cultures. The prayer above was recited every year by the Kwakiutl people at the beginning of the first salmon run. The Kwakiutl believed salmon were supernatural beings that lived in villages under the sea. They would disguise themselves as fish and allow the Kwakiutl to catch and eat them. Groups of the Pacific Northwest honored and respected the salmon and considered them a symbol of renewal and prosperity.…

A boy once lived among the Haida with his widowed mother. Her husband had been lost at sea while fishing for salmon. The woman loved her son deeply and gave him the copper necklace that had belonged to his father. They lived on the mussels and seaweed she gathered and on the salmon she caught in the warm season. They were poor, and their sleeping mats were in the worst place in the cedar-plank longhouse where they lived with uncles, aunts, and cousins. The house had birds, animals, humans, and—most important—King Salmon carved on the doorposts. The boy was always hungry, complaining, “Mother, I am starving.” But he never helped gather food. And he did not honor the spirits of the fish that made it possible for his people to…

Salmon are a keystone species in the Pacific Northwest. This means that other species depend on them, and the food web would change greatly if they became extinct. Salmon are a favorite catch for sport fishermen and an important food source for regional tribes. Of the five U.S. species of Pacific salmon (Chinook/King, Chum/Dog, Coho/Silver, Pink/ Humpies, and Sockeye/Red), all share some important characteristics. Salmon are known for their strong sense of smell. Their sensitive sniffers help them find their exact birthplace when it comes time to spawn (release eggs). Researchers have found that salmon can smell one drop of scent in an area the size of 10 Olympic swimming pools. Salmon are considered a health food. Their oily pinkish-orange flesh is high in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin…

by Carolyn Shea What’s the first thing you think of when you hear the word “tuna”? If you say “a tuna fish sandwich,” you’re not alone. Humans have been eating tuna for tens of thousands of years. But did you know that the most valuable fish in the world is a tuna? In 2013, a single, 489-pound bluefin tuna sold for a record $1.76 million at the biggest wholesale seafood market in Tokyo, Japan. That’s more than $3,500 per pound! Considered a delicacy, the bluefin’s tender red belly flesh—called “toro”—is savored by sushi lovers in Japan and increasingly in other countries around the globe. (Your tuna fish sandwich contains a different tuna species, either yellowfin [Thunnus albacares] or albacore [T. alalunga].) Served thinly sliced in sushi (raw fish with rice)…

Dear Claudia, Hello. My name is Kylie, I am a junior in high school. Thank you so much for being my pen pal. I am excited to learn about your work as a fish biologist. I have hatched fish myself. My sister brought guppies home from school and one was pregnant. When the fry were born, I did best to help them grow and develop. That my was a few years ago, but I still have one guppy from the fry that hatched that is now three years old. What kinds of fish are hatched at the Nashua Fish Hatchery? Kylie Hi Kylie, The Nashua National Fish Hatchery is the only f ederal hatchery in New Hamp shire. The other hat cheries are state hatcheries. Nashua NF H was est…

Fish are a popular theme in art. They are fun to draw because they come in so many shapes and colors. There is a lot of room for the imagination. It’s also pretty easy to keep their design simple but still dramatic. This makes them the perfect object to use for relief printing with Styrofoam block prints. STEP 1—Creating a Design Using the scrap paper, experiment with various fish designs. Create fancy tails and fins, interesting patterns for scales, and fun details for the background. STEP 2—Transferring the Design Once you have a design you are happy with, copy it onto the Styrofoam using a washable marker. You will be able to fix any mistakes you make by using a damp paper towel to erase them. STEP 3—Etching the Design…