Most traffic between the Northeastern U.S. and the eastern Caribben uses this routing, several hundred miles shorter than following the East Coast. The airspace is called the Western Atlantic Route System, known by its acronym, WATRS. It uses 12 published airways labeled (from west to east) L451 through L462. Most are oriented north-south and spaced 60 nm apart. The availability of Bermuda as an engine-out alternative makes these routes usable even for non-ETOPS aircraft.
WATRS is controlled by New York Oceanic FIR, which owns a huge swath of the western Atlantic between 21 and 45 degrees N. The small portions of WATRS that are within radar and VHF coverage operate similarly to domestic airspace. Else-where, nonradar position reporting procedures apply via high-frequency (HF) radio on 3,000 to 22,000 KHz. HF…
