Widespread throughout the United States, the degenerative disease Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) affects a horse’s central nervous system. Caused by unicellular protozoa Sarcocystis neurona, EPM causes inflammation in the nerve tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Another protozoan species, Neospora hughesi, can also cause EPM in horses but with less incidence.
Sarcocystis neurona has a two-host life cycle, with opossum as the definitive host and other animals including raccoons, skunks, cats, and birds as intermediate hosts. Horses are a dead end for the parasite, as they can be infected by it but don’t spread it.
Clinical signs include:
• Incoordination of movement• Stilted movement• Lameness• Muscular atrophy• Muscular paralysis of mouth, eyes, eyelids, and ears• Difficulty swallowing• Abnormal sweating• Head tilt• Seizures• Collapsing Early diagnosis and prompt treatment increase…