When superchargers and turbochargers compress air, that air is heated, resulting in a rise in inlet air temperature. On a turbocharger, the exhaust-driven turbine side additionally transfers added heat into the compressor. Higher charge temperatures reduce max boost potential due to a greater likelihood of in-cylinder detonation. The solution is a heat exchanger, also known as a charge air cooler, or—for short—an intercooler. Given a charge-air cooler sufficiently sized to be 70 percent efficient for the overall combination, and even accounting for parasitic drag-flow losses through the ducting, one would expect at least a 30-percent power improvement compared to not running an intercooler. Traditionally, heat exchangers—including charge-air coolers, oil coolers, and engine coolant radiators—have been marketed as an integrated assembly where the core, tanks, inlets, and outlets are permanently welded…