Alex Dunnin OUTLOOK In millennia past, India, China and the Middle East ruled the world's economy. It's estimated that in the year 1000, India held almost 30% of world GDP, China about 22%, with western Europe and the Middle East on about 10% each.
But the industrial revolution changed everything. Rapid technological changes in Britain and then parts of developing Europe meant that small nations could use technology and the productivity increases it unleashed as force-multipliers. It was so transformative that by 1850 it was estimated that Britain, France, Spain, Russia and the emerging US held half the global economy.
Globalisation of technology, supply chains, resources and finance have, however, begun to level the playing fields, meaning that by and large nations with the largest populations and workforces - assuming…
