Indholdsfortegnelse for Winter 2021-2022 i The Explorers Journal

THE EXPLORERS JOURNAL IS PRODUCED WITH FSC® CERTIFIED, 100% POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PAPER STOCK. AS WE EMBRACE UV PRINT TECHNOLOGY, OUR VOL ATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSIONS CONTINUE TO SHIFT TO VIRTUALLY ZERO. THE QUARTERLY IS PRINTED BY HEMLOCK, A CARBON-NEUTRAL GREEN PRINTER. THE EXPLORERS CLUB IS COMMIT TED TO ELIMINATING SINGLE-USE PL ASTICS. THE USE OF PAPER ENVELOPES IN PLACE OF PLASTIC MAILERS IS GENEROUSLY SUPPORTED BY DONORS TO THE WORLD OCEAN WEEK PROGRAM. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ESTIMATES WERE MADE USING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PAPER NETWORK PAPER CALCULATOR VERSION 4.0. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT WWW.PAPERCALCULATOR.ORG. FSC® IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CALCULATIONS ON SAVING RESOURCES BY CHOOSING THIS PAPER.…

JOIN THE “EXPLORERS IMMORTALS” AND ENGRAVE YOUR NAME OR DEDICATION IN STONE ON NEW PAVERS FOR THE LEFRAK TERRACE AT EXPLORERS CLUB HEADQUARTERS. ADORN OUR LANDMARK OUTDOOR SPACE AND HELP PAY FOR URGENT WORK FOR PHASE II RENOVATIONS BY MAKING A TAX-DEDUCTIBLE DONATION OF $3,750 PER DEDICATED PAVER TO OUR LOWELL THOMAS BUILDING FUND. THE EXPLORERS CLUB WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING WHO HAVE PURCHASED A PAVER: Mark Allio, Joanna Allman, James H. Alexander, John G. Alexander, Darlene T. Anderson, Jeanne D. Andlinger, Barbara Annan, Robert J. Aresty, Robert Ashton, Atlanta Chapter, Robert J. Atwater, Norman L. Baker, Andreas Bender, Josh Bernstein, John Bierley, Bruce Blanchard, John R. Bockstoce, Brian M. Boom, John R. Boreske, Jr., Jill Botway, Gary W. Bowersox, Lawson W. Brigham, Rosalie Brinton, Diane Britz-Lotti, Charles…

kaiserschmarrn with rose hip gastrique, blue cheese, and yarrow SERVES 4 IF THERE IS ONE THING WE LOVE ABOUT THE ARRIVAL OF COLDER WEATHER, IT IS THE ABUNDANCE IT BRINGS OF WILD EDIBLES READY FOR HARVEST, EVEN IN THE SNOW, SOME OF WHICH ARE INCREDIBLY FORGIVING IN THE TIME YOU HAVE TO GO OUT TO COLLECT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE OF ROSE HIPS, WHICH CAN LINGER ON THE STEM FOR A MONTH OR TWO AND STILL BE IN PERFECT CONDITION FOR HARVESTING. OVER THE COURSE OF NUMEROUS GATHERING ADVENTURES FOR OUR SERIES WILD HARVEST, WE FOUND OURSELVES RETURNING TO ROSE HIPS TO EXPLORE THEIR CULINARY POSSIBILITIES. DO REMEMBER TO WEAR GLOVES WHILE GATHERING YOUR BOUNTY AND, YES, ALL TYPES OF ROSE HIPS ARE EDIBLE—EVEN THE DOMESTIC ONES IN YOUR GARDEN—SO…

THE EXPLORERS CLUB 46 EAST 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 WWW.EXPLORERS.ORG | 212-628-8383 AFRICA Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka gladys@ctph.org ALASKA Mead Treadwell meadwell@alaska.net ATLANTA Steve Pigott jagter@msn.com AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND Todd Tai todd@mivision.com.au BHUTAN Matthew DeSantis matt@mybhutan.com CANADA Mark Britnell chapterchair@explorersclub.ca CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Acting Chair: Synnove Marie Kvam Stromsvag sstromsvag@explorers.org CHICAGO/GREAT LAKES Robert A. Shuchman, PhD shuchman@mtu.edu EAST & SOUTH ASIA Steven R. Schwankert steven@sinoscuba.com FLORIDA Joseph Dituri, PhD joe@gallantaquatic.com GEORGE ROGERS CLARK Cindy Pennington cirvin100@yahoo.com GREAT BRITAIN & IRELAND Mark Wood mark@markwoodexplorer.com Rory Golden, Vice Chair rgolden@eircom.net GREATER PIEDMONT James Borton asiareview@yahoo.com HAWAII Mark Blackburn mblackburn@aol.com HONG KONG Angélica Anglés aangles@explorershk.org MIDDLE EAST Hamish Harding hharding@actionaviation.com NEW ENGLAND Gregory Deyermenjian paititi@alumni.clarku.edu NORTH PACIFIC ALASKA Joshua C. Lewis & Victoria M. Becwar-Lewis npac1@me.com NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Tom Dolan tdolan@outdoorstorms.com…

From vast ocean depths to the frontiers of outer space, The Explorers Journal offers firsthand reporting from those pushing the limits of knowledge and human endurance. Founded in 1904 to promote exploration “by all means possible,” The Explorers Club is an international organization dedicated to the advancement of field exploration and scientific inquiry. Among our members are leading pioneers in oceanography, mountaineering, archaeology, and the planetary and environmental sciences.…

While the global pandemic is far from over, at long last we are coming together in person, back and going strong in careful compliance with the most recent health guidelines. Our New York headquarters has reopened and we are once again welcoming members in for lectures, book signings, and a host of other exciting events. These include our “Friday Frolics,” which provide an ideal opportunity for our international community of explorers to network and celebrate the field of exploration. Most important, as you read this message, we are well into planning our next Explorers Club Annual Dinner (ECAD), having skipped the past two years because of the pandemic. Prior to that, we had missed ECADs only twice in the 118-year history of our august institution, due to two World Wars.…

JESS PHOENIX IS A VOLCANOLOGIST, AUTHOR, AND SCIENCE COMMUNICATOR. HER WORK HAS INVOLVED DODGING NARCO-TRAFFICKERS, THWARTING HORSE THIEVES, AND INTRODUCING FIELD SCIENCE TO MILLIONS VIA VIDEO, AUDIO, AND THE WRIT TEN WORD. A FELLOW OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB SINCE 2015, SHE LIVES IN LOS ANGELES. Volcanoes claim a unique place in the collective unconscious of humanity. Feared and respected, reviled and worshipped—no other feature of our planet is so widely misunderstood. Headline-grabbing eruptions seem to garner attention once or twice a year, and inevitably the conversation has turned to volcanoes once more with the spectacular January eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha`apai in the Kingdom of Tonga. Data show the eruption—pressure behind which had been building since 2015—was the most powerful on Earth since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, with…

“IT IS AN HONOR TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB. THAT HONOR ALSO COMES WITH RESPONSIBILITY. BESIDES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SERVING THE CLUB IN ANY WAY THAT I CAN, I ALSO BELIEVE IT IS MY RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THE OPERATION OF THE CLUB FOR GENERATIONS TO COME. THAT IS WHY I AM PROUD TO BE A MEMBER OF THE EXPLORERS CLUB LEGACY SOCIETY AND TO MAKE THEM PART OF MY ESTATE PLAN.”—ALAN FELDSTEIN, MN ’09 Mark R. Allio ▪ John G. Alexander ▪ Alan B. Albright ▪ Robert J. Atwater ▪ Capt. Norman L. Baker* ▪ Barbara Ballard ▪ Robert D. Ballard, PhD ▪ Samuel B. Ballen* ▪ Mark Gregory Bayuk ▪ Daniel A. Bennett ▪ Josh Bernstein ▪ Bruce Blanchard ▪ John R. Bockstoce, DPhil ▪ Jack…

As we were dialing up the feature well for the Winter edition of The Explorers Journal in the weeks leading up to the New Year, we found ourselves literally “ripping up the book” as a suite of ground-breaking discoveries and geological events demanded a seismic shift in our editorial attention. Among these was the discovery of the first known victim of the eruption of Thera in the second millennium BCE—an event so massive it changed the trajectory of civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean at a critical time in its cultural evolution. As marine geoarchaeologist Beverly Goodman-Tchernov tells us, a recent study of a deep deposit of tsunami debris at the site of Çeme-Balararas?, 227 kilometers northeast of Thera (modern-day Santorini), is further underscoring the power of that event, which easily…

RIVER KINGS BY CAT JARMAN 352 PP • NEW YORK: PEGASUS BOOKS, 2022 • ISBN-13: 978-1643138695 • $27.95 • REVIEWED BY CARL G. SCHUSTER University of Oslo bio-archaeologist Cat Jarman has written an extraordinary new book about the expansion of Viking culture, not only to the West—into England, Ireland, and North America—but, more importantly, to the East, into Russia and the Middle East, which began in the seventh century CE. Using a range of tools that have been developed in the field of forensic archaeology such as isotope analyses, radiocarbon dating, and DNA analyses, Jarman presents her evidence in a measured and balanced fashion, eschewing the imperative voice so prevalent in academe for the subjunctive one, which invites the reader in. Her delving into Arabic history and literature on the…

ON DECEMBER 17, 1979, STAN BARRETT TOOK HIS BUDWEISER ROCKET CAR ABOVE 700 MPH AT EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE. IT WAS THE CULMINATION OF PROJECT S.O.S., DESIGNED TO SEND A HUMAN SUPERSONIC ON LAND FOR THE FIRST TIME, A GOAL ONCE THOUGHT IMPOSSIBLE. BARRETT SAYS HE HIT 739.666 MPH, OR MACH 1.01, AFTER IGNITING A SIDEWINDER MISSILE DURING THE RUN. WE RECENTLY CAUGHT UP WITH “ROCKET MAN” IN SUN VALLEY, IDAHO, WHERE HE RESIDES. JC: Talk about the build-up to your big day. SB: We had made 18 runs in the car, some over 700 mph. Each was a new speed record. I remember being asked, “Now that you’ve gone 700 mph, what’s the rest of the way to the sound barrier going be like?” I said, “It must be…