Cold stress: The stage preceding hypothermia, characterised by reduced body temperature (35-37℃), mild shivering and stiff fingers. Treat with warm sugary drinks, food, shelter and clothing layers.
Mild hypothermia: If cold stress develops into hypothermia, emergency services should be contacted. Symptoms may include confusion or personality changes, impaired motor functions, uncontrollable shivering, and a core temperature of 32-35℃. Treat as above, and add active heat such as heat pads and hot water bottles.
Moderate hypothermia (conscious): Core temperature likely 30-32℃, physical ability is impaired, and shivering has likely stopped. The patient should be kept horizontal and still, and choking hazards exist so treatment is nil by mouth. Active heat must be added, as patient has stopped producing body heat. Hospitalisation is essential.
Moderate hypothermia (unconscious): Core temperature drops below 30℃,…
